Second Class Constraints
First Class Constraint, Dirac Bracket
978-613-7-90611-8
6137906116
60
2011-10-12
29.00 €
eng
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Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. In a constrained Hamiltonian system, a dynamical quantity is second class if its Poisson bracket with at least one constraint is nonvanishing. A constraint that has a nonzero Poisson bracket with at least one other constraint, then, is a second class constraint. Before going on to the general theory, let's look at a specific example step by step to motivate the general analysis. Let's start with the action describing a Newtonian particle of mass m constrained to a surface of radius R within a uniform gravitational field g. When one works in Lagrangian mechanics, there are several ways to implement a constraint: one can switch to generalized coordinates that manifestly solve the constraint or one can use a Lagrange multiplier.
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